Another Welsh lot
 

... which I'm trying to untangle :rolleyes:

1871, Ystradgynlais Lower, RG 10/5434

David Hughes, head, unmarried, 37, quarryman, b Cardigan Llanarth
Eleanor Hughes, mother, married, 70, do
Elizabeth Hughes, sister, unmarried, 40, dressmaker, do
Jenkin Hughes, brother, unmarried, 26, quarryman, do
Eleanor Hughes, daughter, unmarried, 22, dressmaker, do
Thomas Hughes, brother, unmarried, 19, railway navigator, do
William Hughes, brother, unmarried, 14, scholar, do

William is my FMFF - if the census data is to be taken as true then Eleanor senior would be my FMFFM, but since she's 56 years older it seems more likely that she was his grandmother - perhaps Elizabeth was his mother?

Going back a decade...

1861, Llanarth, RG9/4190 (family mistranscribed as "Heher" on Ancestry)

Thomas Hughes, head, married, 50, sexton, b Cardigan Llanarth
Eleanor Hughes, wife, married, 50, [can't read occupation], do
Elizabeth Hughes, daughter, unmarried, 32, [can't read occupation], do
David Hughes, son, unmarried, 30, ag lab, do
Eleanor Hughes, granddaughter, 13, scholar, do
Mary Hughes, daughter, 13, scholar, do
Thomas Hughes, grandson, 9, scholar, do
William Hughes, grandson, 3, do

This time William is listed as Thomas and Eleanor's grandson, so Elizabeth probably was his mother (and by the look of it, Eleanor jnr's and Thomas jnr's as well!).

That's where I've got stuck - haven't found them on earlier censuses, and unsurprisingly there are plenty of William Hugheses being born around 1857-58 so I haven't been able to pinpoint which registration is his. Any help much appreciated!

Does William give a father's name on his marriage certificate? (I know they aren't always accurate)

In 1861, Eleanor sr is a Rag gatherer and Elizabeth is a Seamstress.

This is the family in 1851 at Bank Fair, Llanarth
HO107/2484 Folio 280 Pages 4 and 5

Thomas Hughs Head Mar 46 Mason Llanerth Cardigan
Elinor Do Wife Mar 46 Do Do
Elizabeth Do Douter 23 Mason Douter Do Do
David Hughs Son 21 Mason Son Do
Ephraim Do Son 18 Shoemaker Do Do
Martha Do Douter 15 Mason Douter Do Do
Jenkin Thos Hughs Son 6 Llanarth Cardigan
Elinor Do Douter 4 Do Do
Mary Do Do 3 Llanllwchaiam Do

And in 1841, also at Llanarth
piece 1375 book 6 folio 7 page 5
Thomas Hughes 35 Mason Y
Elinor Do 35 Y
Elizabeth Do 15 Y
David Do 13 Y
Ephraim Do 8 Y
Martha Do 6 Y
Thomas Do 3 Y

This is the birth registration for Jenkin Thos (to give you Elinor's maiden name):
Apr-Jun 1845 Hughes, Jenkin Thomas Aberayron XXVII 1

The only likely birth registration I can see for William is this one:
Jan-Mar 1857 Hughes, William Aberayron 11b 44
although his age would be slightly wrong on the 1861 census if this is him.

Ooh, William's baptism is on FamilySearch!!
William Hughes baptised 11 Aug 1857, Llanarth, Cardigan, Wales, mother Elizabeth Hughes.

There are also baptisms for Elinor jr, 3 Jul 1847 (born 31 May 1847) mother Elizabeth, and Thomas 26 Dec 1852 mother Elizabeth.

And baptisms for Thomas and Elinor's children:
Elizabeth 31 Dec 1826
David 4 Jul 1830
Ephraim 17 Mar 1833
Martha 8 Feb 1836
Mary 30 Jul 1837 (born 3 Jul 1837)
Thomas 20 Jan 1839
Jenkin 4 Sep 1841 (born 29 Jul 1841)
Jenkin Thomas 2 Apr 1845 (born 16 Mar 1845)

Thanks for all that!

Oops, forgot to mention that :o William married Anne Lewis on 15th December 1878 in Ystradgynlais, with his father given as Thomas Hughes, occupation mason - judging from the rest of the evidence available, it looks more likely that Thomas was his maternal grandfather. I'll order the birth cert, but it seems like the sort of case where the father's name might not be given!